4 research outputs found
Exploration of Interpretability Techniques for Deep COVID-19 Classification using Chest X-ray Images
The outbreak of COVID-19 has shocked the entire world with its fairly rapid
spread and has challenged different sectors. One of the most effective ways to
limit its spread is the early and accurate diagnosis of infected patients.
Medical imaging such as X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) combined with the
potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in supporting
the medical staff in the diagnosis process. Thereby, the use of five different
deep learning models (ResNet18, ResNet34, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, and
DenseNet161) and their Ensemble have been used in this paper, to classify
COVID-19, pneumoni{\ae} and healthy subjects using Chest X-Ray. Multi-label
classification was performed to predict multiple pathologies for each patient,
if present. Foremost, the interpretability of each of the networks was
thoroughly studied using techniques like occlusion, saliency, input X gradient,
guided backpropagation, integrated gradients, and DeepLIFT. The mean Micro-F1
score of the models for COVID-19 classifications ranges from 0.66 to 0.875, and
is 0.89 for the Ensemble of the network models. The qualitative results
depicted the ResNets to be the most interpretable model
DS6, Deformation-aware Semi-supervised Learning: Application to Small Vessel Segmentation with Noisy Training Data
Blood vessels of the brain are providing the human brain with the required
nutrients and oxygen. As a vulnerable part of the cerebral blood supply,
pathology of small vessels can cause serious problems such as Cerebral Small
Vessel Diseases (CSVD). It has also been shown that CSVD is related to
neurodegeneration, such as in Alzheimer's disease. With the advancement of 7
Tesla MRI systems, higher spatial image resolution can be achieved, enabling
the depiction of very small vessels in the brain. Non-Deep Learning based
approaches for vessel segmentation, e.g. Frangi's vessel enhancement with
subsequent thresholding are capable of segmenting medium to large vessels but
often fail to segment small vessels. The sensitivity of these methods to small
vessels can be increased by extensive parameter tuning or by manual
corrections, albeit making them time-consuming, laborious, and not feasible for
larger datasets. This paper proposes a deep learning architecture to
automatically segment small vessels in 7 Tesla 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) Magnetic
Resonance Angiography (MRA) data. The algorithm was trained and evaluated on a
small imperfect semi-automatically segmented dataset of only 11 subjects; using
six for training, two for validation and three for testing. Deep learning model
based on U-Net Multi-Scale Supervision was trained using the training subset
and were made equivariant to elastic deformations in a self-supervised manner
using deformation-aware learning to improve the generalisation performance. The
proposed technique was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively against the
test set and achieved a dice score of 80.440.83. Furthermore, the result
of the proposed method was compared against a selected manually segmented
region (62.07 resultant dice) and has shown a considerable improvement (18.98%)
with deformation-aware learning